Descendants of John Maxfield
of Salisbury, Massachusetts
Fourth Generation

EDMUND⁴ MAXFIELD (Timothy^3-2, John¹) was born at Dartmouth, Bristol County, Massachusetts, on 1 January 1736/7,^[1] a son of Timothy Maxfield and his wife Patience Drinkwater. He died at New Bedford, Bristol County, on 28 November 1821.^[2] He married at Dartmouth on 8 May 1766 RACHEL RUSSELL.^[3] She was born at Dartmouth on 28 July 1741,^[4] a daughter of Abraham Russell and his wife Dinah Allen. She died at New Bedford on 8 December 1813.^[5] His given name is spelled both "Edmund" and "Edmond" in contemporary records.

Edmund Maxfield and Rachel Russell were both members of the Dartmouth Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), from whom they received permission to marry on 21 April 1766,^[6] and before whom they were married 8 May 1766. The births of all their children were recorded with that meeting.

Edmund and Rachel lived in Dartmouth their entire lives, and raised their family there. They are reported in census records there, and Edward engaged in numerous property transactions there. Occasionally, property sales indicated a person's occupation. Edward, always called a yeoman, was called a cooper through 1775, and a merchant in 1796. The property transfers were as follows:

• 11 September 1766, Timothy Maxfield, Jr., of Dartmouth (Edmund's father), sold to Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, cooper, for £ 42, a tract in Dartmouth, about 50 acres, adjoining other land owned by Timothy Maxfield, Jr.^[7]
• 15 September 1768, Timothy Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to "my son" Edmond Maxfield of Dartmouth, cooper, for £ 54, a tract in Dartmouth of about 8 acres.^[8]
• 23 June 1773, Peleg Smith of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, for £ 51, a parcel of salt marsh meadow in Dartmouth at Tituat, adjoining Coasset Cove, north part of new meadow, 3 acres.^[9]
• 2 January 1775, Thomas Russell of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, cooper for £ 450, "my homestead farm" in Dartmouth, about 86 acres, adjoining property of John Maxfield and Timothy Maxfield, Jr.,along with another lot of 3 acres.^[10]
• 2 August 1776, Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to Andrew Sherman of Dartmouth, yeoman, for £ 6, a lot of land in Dartmouth about 1 ¾ acre, which Irene Sherman sold to Thomas Russell, between Edmund Maxfield homestead and County Road; signed Edmond Maxfield, Rachel Maxfield.^[11]
• 9 October 1786, John Smith of Dartmouth sold to Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth for £ 35, about 7 acres of land in Dartmouth and also half interest in a wood lot owned with Elishib Smith.^[12]
• 26 Dec 1791, Increase Smith of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to Edmond Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, for £ 81 land in Dartmouth, the south part of homestead and farm of Nicholas Howland late of Dartmouth, deceased, 20 acres.^[13]
• 10 January 1792, Edmond Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to Stephen Barker of Dartmouth, yeoman, for £ 81, land in Dartmouth, part of homestead farm of Nicholas Howland, 20 acres.^[14]
• 24 January 1792, David Gifford of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, for £ 471, land in Dartmouth, 118 acres, adjoining land already owned by Edmund Maxfield.^[15]
• 25 February 1792, David Shearman of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, for £ 25 7s, land in Dartmouth, 6 acres 129 rods, adjoining land already owned by Edmund Maxfield.^[16]
• 27 of 2d month 1793, Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to Zadock Maxfield 2d of Dartmouth [Edmund's son], yeoman for £ 230 14s, land in Dartmouth, 112 acres, one half of said premises; signed Edmund Maxfield, Rachel Maxfield.^[17]
• 27, 2d month, 1793, Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to David Maxfield of Dartmouth [Edmund's son, who had married the previous month], for £ 230 14s, the other half of the 112 acre parcel in Dartmouth; signed Edmund Maxfield, Rachel Maxfield.^[18]
• 15 March 1794, Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to John Smith of Dartmouth for $35, a lot in Dartmouth, 7 acres, "where John Smith now lives;" signed Edmund Maxfield.^[19]
• 27, 2nd month, 1796, Joseph Maxfield of New Bedford [son of Edmund's brother Patrick], merchant, sold to Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, for $500, land in Dartmouth, 1st lot east of Smith Mills, 33 acres, adjoining land already owned by Edmund Maxfield and land owned by John Maxfield; also a second lot, west of Aponeganset Great Cedar Swamp, about 28 acres, adjoining land belonging to Timothy Maxfield; signers included Freelove Maxfield, who surrendered any right of dower, indicating this property was from the estate of Edmund's late brother Patrick.^[20]
• 15 day, 1st month, 1797, Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, sold to Abner Potter of Dartmouth for $100, land in Dartmouth, in Aponegansett Great Cedar Swamp, 4 acres; and another lot, north of first lot, of 20 acres; signed Edmund Maxfield, Rachel Maxfield.^[21]
• 6 February 1798, Jonathan Snow and Isaac Clark of Rochester, and John Doty of New Bedford, sold to Edmond Maxfield of Dartmouth for $30, a 5/8 share of a 4 acre piece of land adjoining land already owned by Edmond Maxfield, to be owned in common with Edward Hammond and John Fearing.^[22]
• 24 May 1798, John Fearing and Abigail Fearing of Wareham, yeoman, sold to Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, for $13, one-fourth part of a lot of Cedar Swamp in Dartmouth.^[23]
• 3 April 1799, Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to David Maxfield of Dartmouth [Edmund's son], blacksmith, for $700, 2 parcels of land in Dartmouth, (1) east of Smith Mills, about 33 acres, adjoining land of John Maxfield, and Edmund Maxfield; (2) about 10 acres, adjoining land of Edmond Maxfield; signed Edmund Maxfield, Rachel Maxfield.^[24]
• 3 April 1799, Zadock Maxfield of Dartmouth [Edmund's son], yeoman, sold to Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, for $600, two parcels of land in Dartmouth: (1) about 26 ½ acres, abutters include both Zadock Maxfield and Edmund Maxfield; (2) about 29 acres, abutters include Zadock Maxfield.^[25]
• 19 September 1800, John Gelet [Gillett] of New Bedford, yeoman, sold to Edmond Maxfield of Dartmouth for $95, a parcel in Dartmouth about 34 acres.^[26]
• 29 September 1800, Edward Hammond of Rochester, gentleman, and Mary his wife, sold to Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, for $ 600, a lot of cedar swamp called Dartmouth Great Swamp, adjacent to land already owned by Edmund Maxfield.^[27]
• 7 January 1801, Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to Giles Howland of Dartmouth, yeoman, for $75, a lot of land in Dartmouth, 2 and 7/8 acres; signed Edmund Maxfield, Rachel Maxfield.^[26]
• 1st day, 3rd month, 1802, Stephen Buffenton of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, for $ 210, a lot of salt meadow and some upland, in Dartmouth, bounds include Aponeganset River and Harbor, about 2 ¾ acres.^[29]
• 28 February 1803, Joseph Russell of New Bedford, yeoman, sold to Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, for $370 a parcel of Cedar Swamp in Dartmouth in the south end of Aponeganset Swamp, about 25 acres, abutters include Edmund Maxfield.^[30]
• 3 April 1804, Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to William Rotch, Jr., of New Bedford, for $212, a lot in Dartmouth of 4 acres and 75 rods, abutters include Edmund Maxfield, except the house that Caleb Sekell built on the land; signed Edmund Maxfield.^[31]
• 5 January 1805, Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, sold to William Halliday Potter of Dartmouth, yeoman, for $185, a lot of Cedar Swamp in Dartmouth, part of the Hazzy Swamp in Apponaganset Great Swamp, 13 acres and 140 rods, abutters include David Maxfield, Edmund Maxfield.^[32]

Federal censuses from 1790 though 1820 report this family in Dartmouth. These censuses only list the head of household and numbers in the household in various age and sex categories. Those reports, and possible identities of the persons, follow:^[33]

These records raise some questions. One son was missing in both 1790 and 1800. Jonathan, who would have been 17 in 1790, was missing - unless the census taker misjudged his age, in which case either Abraham or Seth was missing. In 1800 the male between 16 and 25 could be either Seth, 24, or Abraham, 22. The additional older man in 1800 could possibly be Edmund's father, Timothy, who would have been 91, if still living. I find no record of Timothy beyond the 1790 census, but no record of his death. Otherwise, the census records are consistent with what we know of this family.

Edmund and Rachel lived to the ages of 84 and 72 respectively. All six children of which we have knowledge lived to adulthood, and the five male children married and had children. One son, Jonathan, preceded Edmond in death, and another, Zadock, died between the writing of Edmund's will and its presentation to probate court.

The deaths of Rachel and Edmund Maxfield, 8 December 1813 and 28 November 1821, were recorded by the New Bedford Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends.^[34] Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth wrote his will on 6 August, 1818.^[35] The will was proved in Bristol County Probate Court on 1 January, 1822.^[36] The extensive record clearly identified the children of Edmund and Rachel, and some of their grandchildren. For the full text of Edmund Maxfield's will and probate record see below.

Edmund Maxfield and his wife Rachel Russell had the following children:

1. ZADOCK⁵ MAXFIELD b. at Dartmouth on 23 March 1767.
2. DAVID⁵ MAXFIELD b. at Dartmouth on 15 June 1769.
3. JONATHAN⁵ MAXFIELD b. at Dartmouth on 19 February 1773.
4. SETH⁵ MAXFIELD b. at Dartmouth on 2 December 1775.
5. ABRAHAM RUSSELL⁵ MAXFIELD b. at Dartmouth on 7 July 1778.
6. ABIGAIL⁵ MAXFIELD b. at Dartmouth on 26 March 1783;^[37] d. at Dartmouth on 24 March 1868.^[38] Abigail lived with her parents, and then her father, until his death. The 1830 census reperted her living alone, at Dartmouth, in her 40s.^[39] The 1840 census reported Abigail the head of a household of three women in their 50s in Dartmouth.^[40] In 1850 she was a household of one in Dartmouth, age 68, owning real estate worth $900, reported next to her nephew, Collins Maxfield, son of her late brother Abraham.^[41] The 1855 Massachusetts state census reported Abigail Maxfield in Dartmouth, head of a household, at the same address as her nephew Collins, and reported immediately before the household of another nephew, David Maxfield, son of her late brother Seth Maxfield. Abigail Maxfield, age 73, included in her household Charles H. Wood, 30, a farmer, Sarah A. Wood, 19, and Rheuben H. Wood, 1.^[42] The 1860 federal census reported Abigail at Dartmouth, North Dartmouth Post Office, a household of one, age 78, with real estate valued at $540. She was reported as a separate household at the same address as the family of Benjamin T. Maxfield, a son of her late brother Abraham.^[43] The 1865 state census also reported Abigail, age 84, immediately after the Benjamin T. Maxfield household.^[44]

I Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth in the County of Bristol and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, yeoman, being now of sound disposing mind and memory, and duly setting to mind the mutability of all earthly engagements have therefore thought fit to give and dispose of all the estate it hath pleased an all wise Providence to bless me with.
Imprimis. I give and bequeath unto my four sons, namely Zadock Maxfield, David Maxfield, Seth Maxfield and Abraham R. Maxfield, all my wearing apparel after my decease to be equally divided among them.
Item. I give and bequeath unto my daughter Abigail Maxfield the one sixth part of all my real estate and personal estate together with three hundred dollars worth of household furniture to be duly appraised according to the inventory of my estate.
Item. I give and bequeath unto my Grandson Prince Maxfield, son of Jonathan Maxfield, deceased, the one sixth part of the residue of my estate, provided however that if the said Prince Maxfield should die leaving no child ... then this bequest to go and descend among my other grandchildren in equal shares.
Item. I give and bequeath the remainder of my estate to the rest of my grandchildren, that is, one sixth part to the children of Zadock Maxfield, one sixth part to the children of David Maxfield, one sixth part to the children of Seth Maxfield, and one sixth part to the children of Abraham R. Maxfield.
And I do hereby appoint the Said Abraham R. Maxfield to be executor to this my last will and testament, desiring him to do and settle my estate, in manner and form as I have hereunto directed. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal the sixth day of August in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighteen.
Edmund Maxfield

• Jan 1, 1822--Jireh Sherman, Elihu Slocum and Abijah Packard appointed to take inventory of the estate whereof David W. Maxfield, Lydia B. Maxfield, and Rhoda Maxfield, of Dartmouth, minors and children of Seth Maxfield, of Dartmouth, are seized.^[46]
• Jan 4, 1822--Seth Russell of New Bedford appointed to represent the interests of out-of-state devises to estate of Edmund Maxfield: Ruth Cornell, wife of Abner Cornell of Seipwan, NY; Patience Legg, wife of William Legg of Providence, RI; Sylvia Young wife of Sheldon Young of Providence, RI.^[47]
• Jan 4, 1822--Elihu Slocum, Jireh Sherman and Abijah Packard appointed to take inventory of the estates of Russell Maxfield, Edmund Maxfield, Anne Maxfield, Hepsibah Maxfield, and Caleb Maxfield, minor children of Zadock Maxfield of Dartmouth.^[48]
• Jan 4, 1822--appointment of appraisers to take inventory of the estate of William Maxfield, Mary Maxfield, Rachel Maxfield, Susannah Maxfield, and Joseph Maxfield, minor children of David Maxfield of Fairhaven, yeeoman.^[49]
• Jan 4, 1822--Elihu Slocum, Jireh Sherman and Abijah Packard directed to make inventory of all the estate whereof Benjamin Maxfield, Sarah Maxfield, Jonathan Maxfield, Abraham S. T. Maxfield, William M. Maxfield, Collins S. Maxfield, Hannah S. Maxfield, and Bathsheba W. B. Maxfield, minor children of Abraham R. Maxfield of Dartmouth, yeoman, are seized.^[50]
• Feb 5, 1822--Appraisers appointed for the real estate of Edmund Maxfield of Dartmouth, deceased, to and among the devisees named in the will of the said deceased.^[51]
• Mar 23, 1822--Inventory of the estate belonging to the children of Zadock Maxfield, whose guardian is Seth Russell: real estate $1100; personal estate $46.30.^[52]
• Mar 23, 1822 inventory presented of the estate belonging to the children of David Maxfield, whose guardian is Seth Russell. real estate $1100; personal estate $46.30.^[53]
• Mar 23, 1822 inventory of the estate of the children of Seth Maxfield: real estate $1100; personal estate $46.30. Seth Maxfield guardian of his minor children David W. Maxfield, Lydia T. Maxfield, and Rhoda Maxfield.^[54]
• Mar 23, 1822--inventory presented of the children of Abraham R. Maxfield, who is their guardian: real estate $1100; personal estate $46.30.^[55]
• May 7, 1822--Seth Russell, guardian of Russell Maxfield, Edmund Maxfield, Anna Maxfield, Hepsibah Maxfield, and Caleb Maxfield, swore to the inventory.^[56]
• May 7, 1822--Seth Russell, guardian of William Maxfield, Mary Maxfield, Rachel Maxfield, Susannah Maxfield, and Joseph Maxfield, minor children of David Maxfield of Fairhaven, swore to the inventory.^[57]
• May 7, 1822--Abraham R. Maxfield, guardian to his minor children Benjamin Maxfield, Sarah F. Maxfield, Jonathan Maxfield, Abraham S. T. Maxfield, William M. Maxfield, Collins S. Maxfield, Hannah S. Maxfield, and Bathsheba W. B. Maxfield, swore to the inventory.^[58]
• May 7, 1822--report of appraisers setting off limits of property of estate of Edmund Maxfield to devisees: Total value $6600; one sixth part= $1100. Set off to children and grandchildren as follows:
  • to Abigail Maxfield, daughter . . .
  • to the children of Zadock Maxfield . . .
  • to the children of Abraham R. Maxfield . . .
  • to the children of David Maxfield . . .
  • to Prince Maxfield, son of Jonathan Maxfield and grandson of Edmund . . .
  • to the children of Seth Maxfield . . .
  signed--fully satisfied: Abraham R. Maxfield; Seth Maxfield, guardian; Abigail Maxfield; Seth Russell for the minor children of Zadock and David Maxfield; Prince S. Maxfield.^[59]

¹Vital Records of Dartmouth, Massachusetts to the Year 1850 (Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1929, 1929, 1930), 1:157.
²Vital Records of New Bedford, Massachusetts, to the year 1850, (Boston: New England Historical and Genealogical Society, 1932. 1932, 1941), 3:114.
³Vital Records of Dartmouth, 2:312
⁴Ibid., 1:212.
⁵Vital Records of New Bedford, 3:115
⁶Barrett Beard Russell, "The Descendants of John Russell of Dartmouth, Mass.," New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 58-59 (1904–5): 58:22.
⁷Bristol County, Massachusetts, Deeds, 50:359, accessed 30 June 2013; Bristol County Court House, Taunton, MA (familysearch.org).
⁸Ibid., 52:255-56
⁹Ibid., 55:346
¹⁰Ibid., 59:475-76.
¹¹Ibid., 59:165
¹²Ibid., 66:251-52.
¹³Ibid., 75:487-88.
¹⁴Ibid., 75:488.
¹⁵Ibid., 70:325-26.
¹⁶Ibid., 70:402-03.
¹⁷Ibid., 71:445-46.
¹⁸Ibid., 71:446.
¹⁹Ibid., 72:516-17.
²⁰Ibid., 74:446.
²¹Ibid., 80:73-74.
²²Ibid., 82:540.
²³Ibid., 82:540-41.
²⁴Ibid., 78:41-42.
²⁵Ibid., 82:542.
²⁶Ibid., 82:541.
²⁷Ibid., 82:542-43.
²⁸Ibid., 87:144.
²⁹Ibid., 82:543-44.
³⁰Ibid., 82:545.
³¹Ibid., 86:261.
³²Ibid., 84:531.
³³First Census of the United States: 1790, population, Dartmouth, Bristol Co., MA, 4:194; digital images, Ancestry (ancestry.com : accessed 2012); Second Census of the United States: 1800, population, Dartmouth, Bristol Co., MA, 19:660; digital images, Ancestry (ancestry.com : accessed 2012); Third Census of the United States: 1810, population, Dartmouth, Bristol Co., MA, 17:285; digital images, Ancestry (ancestry.com : accessed 2012); Fourth Census of the United States: 1820, population, Dartmouth, Bristol Co., MA, 47:575; digital images, Ancestry (ancestry.com : accessed 2012).
³⁴Vital Records of New Bedford,, 3:114,115.
³⁵Bristol County, Massachusetts, Probate Court Records 59:6: Court House, Taunton, Massachusetts.
³⁶Ibid., 59:264-65
³⁷Vital Records of Dartmouth, 1:157.
³⁸Jay and Delene Holbrook, "Massachusetts Vital and Town Records," digital images, Ancestry (ancestry.com : accessed 2012), Dartmouth; Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts.
³⁹Fifth Census of the United States: 1830, population, Dartmouth, Bristol Co., MA, 59:357; digital images, Ancestry (ancestry.com : accessed 2012).
⁴⁰Sixth Census of the United States: 1840, population, Dartmouth, Bristol Co., MA, 178:327; digital images, Ancestry (ancestry.com : accessed 2012).
⁴¹Seventh Census of the United States: 1850, population, Dartmouth, Bristol Co., MA, 309:440B, 595; digital images, Ancestry (ancestry.com : accessed 2012).
⁴²Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth, 1855 Massachusetts State Census, population, Dartmouth, Bristol Co., 93; digital images, Family Search (familysearch.org : accessed 2011); Massachusetts State Archives, Boston, MA.
⁴³Eighth Census of the United States: 1860, population, Dartmouth, Bristol Co., MA, 492:868, 2413; digital images, Ancestry (ancestry.com : accessed 2012).
⁴⁴Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth, 1865 Massachusetts State Census, population, Dartmouth, Bristol Co., MA, 609; digital images, Family Search (familysearch.org : accessed 2013).
⁴⁵Bristol County Probate, 59:6.
⁴⁶Ibid., 59:264-65.
⁴⁷Ibid., 59:57
⁴⁸Ibid., 59:243
⁴⁹Ibid., 59:244-45.
⁵⁰Ibid., 59:288.
⁵¹Ibid., 59:288.
⁵²Ibid., 59:244.
⁵³Ibid., 59:245.
⁵⁴Ibid., 59:265.
⁵⁵Inid., 59:266.
⁵⁶Ibid., 59:244.
⁵⁷Ibid., 59:245
⁵⁸Ibid., 59:266
⁵⁹Ibid., 59:288-92.

Bristol County, Massachusetts. Deeds. Bristol County Court House, Taunton, MA (familysearch.org).

Bristol County, Massachusetts. Probate Records. Court House, Taunton, Massachusetts.

"Death Records in the New Bedford Mercury, 1845-1874," New Bedford Free Public Library, New Bedford, MA.

French, Harry Dana. Descendants of John Maxfield of Salisbury, Mass. New Hampshire Historical Society Library, Concord, NH, about 1952.

Harding, Ann Borden, editor. Mayflower Families Through Five Generations, vol 3, George Soule. Plymouth, MA: General Society of Mayflower Descendants, 1980

Holbrook, Jay and Delene. "Massachusetts Vital and Town Records." Digital images. Ancestry. ancestry.com : 2012.

Leonard, Elisha. "Leonard Papers." . New Bedford Free Public Library, New Bedford, MA.

Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth, 1855 Massachusetts State Census, population. Digital images. Family Search. familysearch.org : 2011.

________, 1865 Massachusetts State Census, population. Digital images. Family Search. familysearch.org : 2013.

Newtown Burial Ground, Dartmouth, Bristol Co., MA. Database. Find a Grave. findagrave.com : 2012.

Russell, Barrett Beard. "The Descendants of John Russell of Dartmouth, Mass.." New England Historical and Genealogical Register 58-59 (1904–5): 58:364-71; 59:22-32.

United States, Department of the Census. First Census of the United States: 1790, population. Digital images. Ancestry. ancestry.com : 2012.

________. Second Census of the United States: 1800, population. Digital images. Ancestry. ancestry.com : 2012.

________. Third Census of the United States: 1810, population. Digital images. Ancestry. ancestry.com : 2012.

________. Fourth Census of the United States: 1820, population. Digital images. Ancestry. ancestry.com : 2012.

________. Fifth Census of the United States: 1830, population. Digital images. Ancestry. ancestry.com : 2012.

________. Sixth Census of the United States: 1840, population. Digital images. Ancestry. ancestry.com : 2012.

________. Seventh Census of the United States: 1850, population. Digital images. Ancestry. ancestry.com : 2012.

________. Eighth Census of the United States: 1860, population. Digital images. Ancestry. ancestry.com : 2012.

Vital Records of Dartmouth, Massachusetts to the Year 1850. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1929, 1929, 1930.

Vital Records of New Bedford, Massachusetts, to the year 1850. 3 volumes. Boston: New England Historical and Genealogical Society, 1932. 1932, 1941.

Wright, Elizabeth. "John Maxfield of Salisbury, Massachusetts, 1652, and Some of His Descendants." The Nebraska and Midwest Genealogical Record (1928–1930): 6:52-56; 7:20-24, 42-47, 61-71, 87-96; 8:15-22.